Active Euthanasia- A Kantian Perspective Essay -- essays research pape

Active Euthenasia From A Kantian Perspectiveeuthanasia is one of societys more widely indicated moral issues of our time. Active mercy killing is "Doing something, such as administering a lethal drug, or using other ways that will cause a persons death." In the other hand, Passive mercy killing is "Stopping (or not starting) a treatment, that will make a person die, the condition of the person will cause his or her death." It seems that this one is not to debate, as much as the other one (active). I have chosen to look more closely at the issue of active euthanasia, and that it should not be considered ethical, by Kantian standards.Those who support active euthanasia can argue that helping the ill to bring their own deaths, allowing them to determine the how and when, is not only a charitable act but withal allows the person, who is "living to die," to maintain their dignity this way, they will let them die in peace, rather than suffer to the end. Becau se if not, they think of themselves as a disgrace, to those they love. According to recent researches and surveys, many Canadians would agree to this, but my question is, have they taken a close look at the ethical debate? Those who are against active euthanasia would say not, and would argue that by participating in the practice of active euthanasia, they are "playing God," or perhaps, that they are not acting out of mercy, therefore, the act is nothing less than cold-blooded murder. Murder by the law is defined as "The unlawful, premeditated killing of one human being by another." Euthanasia, in Canada, remains unlawful as of today, and the act of euthanasia is premeditated, whether for the purpose of mercy or not, euthanasia is, by definition, murder. According to Kantian perspective established by Kant the philosopher, and the Holy Bible, murder is both a sin and a crime, therefore we ought not participate in the practice of euthanasia, because it is murder, and it is the ruin thing to do.The euthanasia debate raises many questions. Questions such as who is the one benefited by the murder? Or should we allow family members to make a life-or-death purpose over a loved one who may never have expressed a desire to die, simply because they could not say with words a will to live? If a person should be suffering with an illness of which there seems no hope of r... ...sidered as ethical because it totally violates the will, the freedom of choice, and also the values of the ill person.Barbara McKinnon, "Euthanasia," Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues, second edition, p.126, 1998Barbara McKinnon, "Euthanasia," Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues, second edition, p.126, 1998http//charlacon.infosel.com/000165/lomejor.htm TTI Market Explorers, Poll of 603 Adults in British Colombia, Euthanasia Prevention Coalition, 1997Clarendon Press, "Concise Oxford Dictionary", p. 895, 1995. http//www.sagrado.edu/personal/lazaro/jlaz aro.html Pieter Admiraal, "Euthanasia in the Netherlands - A Dutch Doctors Perspective," (speech presented at the national convention of the Hemlock Society, Arlington VA, 1986)http//www.vrweb.cl/mf/wwwboard/messages3/1131.html Brown, Henteleff, Barakat and Rowe, "Is It Normal for terminally Ill Patients to Desire Death?," American Journal of Psychiatry, Flora Johnson Skelly, "Dont Miss Depression, Physicians say," American Medical News, p. 28, 1992Dahlgren, "Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviour," Attempted Suicides 35 eld Afterward, 1977

Social Male Behaviors On Sundays Essay -- essays research papers

There atomic number 18 many misconceptions ab emerge Sundays and its effect on people. Im here to mop up it up from the males perspective, and to show women how to deal with these behaviors. Many women believe that Sunday is a sacred day, a clip to be together with the unmatchable you love most and go to church . This is true, but Sunday is also the time for sports, testosterone driven activities, and for males to hang out with the other males. Sundays seems to bring out a primal instinct inside us men that lays dormant through out the week. These instincts are brought out by the excitement of sports and the surrounding. So here are some insights into our behaviors, eating habits, and our rituals to let you understand us better during these times.One of the main rituals on Sundays is gathering of us male species at various places to be with others like us. One of the places the male species often go to are called bars. These places are like heaven to the male specie. I myself ha ve had first hand experiences with these places. sound Sunday I decided to go to a local bar call Hooters with some of my buddies to observe these ritual behaviors for myself. Upon entering the bar, I knew that it was truly a place for us males to hang out. The walls were filled with sport memorabilia, and on all twelve television sets where every football games or other sport relate things. Another thing that made it a true guys hang out were the good food and the waitresses. All of the waitresses were all shaped nicely, wearing provocative clothe which made them truly candy for the eyes. Another one of these places that we male species like to socialize is their own dwellings or anothers. When the male specie hang out they dont like to do it alone, and so others males would join in on the fun. There are also requirements in order for the visiting males to be included in this ritual they must present a Gift of Flavor upon the visit. Although we male species will consume almost a nything that might be predigested on most days, Sundays on the other hand we male species will follow a strict diet. The diet states that, only food products that contain either great amount of salt, cheese, meat, or sugar may be consumed. Also that each serving of these foods must contain no less than 2 grams of fat, other the food is considered sacrileges. Also the most essential part of... ... primal instincts will go a government agency but there are time frames when these behaviors will get going to decrease. People have noticed that they start to decrease after the last post game show on television had ended and football as well as is gone for the day. provided some scientists believe that availability of alcohol plays a major part in the decrease, because the party is over when the drinks are gone.The only way that you can make it easier on you during these times is to just go with the flow. Be lazy too or fix things, by doing this you will notice that the time will fly by. Or you can pick up our hobbies, like football, drinking beer and hot wings. Because if we see that youre cool we will invite you to our gatherings. But if think that doing these are not for you, you can just stay the hell away from us. Go to your parents house, girl friends, or siblings and do your feminine activities. We wont interfere with your rituals. But please understand its not our fault, we dont do this because we want to, it just that it is part of being a man. And I hope in reading this you have learned and understand more about the men in your life. And that its up to you to decide how it will uphold you.

Economics and Poetry - Cotton And Corn: A Dialogue? by Thomas Moore :: essays research papers

     What really makes economics and society flow nicely together? Economics can be described as the neighborly science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Society is described as the social relationships among us. The answer is always changing as well as the economical and sociological thoughts fucking it as well. This paper will relay a couple economic views from the poem Cotton And Corn A Dialogue by Thomas Moore (1779-1852), an Irish poet. Should people be allowed to trade with whomever they want to? Weve been doing it for thousands of years. There should always be fare/free trade, even if the government manipulates it a precise bit. If there is an disturbed consumer out there, there is at least one unhappy firm. People should be able to trade freely and hardly declareled by the government. Too frequently of the time the government regulates it too much, and we lose some of our free trade rights, as this poem illustrates. As Franois Quesnay believed the idea of Laissez-Fair, the government should have very little control, if no control over the economy at all. The government will then regulate heavily, create high tariffs, embargoes, and other forms of monopoly to accumulate wealth. This poem was indite about the famed Corn Laws that took place in England, that limited the trade of corn to other countries if international rates fell bellow a indisputable value. The government didnt want wealth to leave the country, as they stopped importing corn, wouldnt export their corn out, and monopolized peasants to buy the countries corn with a modulate price. This is third idea, is a form of mercantilism. Hoarding a countries wealth, and building up power. Thomas Moore addresses some of these views by introducing thoughts about fare trade, how the government can control/manipulate trade, and mercantilism, in his poem about the Corn Laws. The question is then, with all of this government su pervision and control over trade, how do economies prosper and stay breathing and well?     One of many reasons that keep economies going is through fare trade. This poem deals with the unscrupulous Corn Laws (1689-1846) which deal with protecting English landholders by supporting(a) the export and limiting the import of corn when prices fell below a fixed point. The poem speaks of the greedy side of Squire Corn and the famished suffering Cotton. Great Squire, if it isnt uncivil To hint at starvation before you, Look down on a poor hungry devil, And give him some bread, I implore you" This line is Poor Cotton urgently begging Squire Corn to trade him some corn (food) for his fabric of cotton.

Too Much Science in Walden Two by B.F. Skinner Essay -- Psychology

Too Much Science? In the 1930s, Europe began to fall under the shadow of fabianism with the climb up of the Nazi society in Germany, the communistic Revolution in Russia, and the Fascist uprising in Italy. the Statesns tried to ignore this growing crisis in Europe for as long as possible charge some in the United Kingdom were non unduly concerned with this sudden change. Some people, including authors Aldous Huxley, were startled and commit their fears down on paper. Huxleys brazen-faced virgin World shows an unsettling optimistic front that covers the disturbing reality of a futuristic socialist world. After the state of war ended, more novels about the socialism appeared, George Orwells 1984 and B.F. Skinners Walden Two as a few examples, though they are complete opposites on the views of socialism presented. In Walden Two, the t sensation is very positive. The go of the community, a man named T.E. Frazier, explains every aspect of the thriving comm unal settlement to a group of curious enquirers. The party includes an old colleague of Fraziers, a psychological science professor named Burris, a philosophy professor named Augustine Castle, and two veteran soldiers from World War Two named Steve Jamnik and Rogers, along with their girlfriends bloody shame Grove and Barbara Macklin, respectively. Frazier walks them through all the whole caboodle of the Walden Two community, from the agricultural processes, sheep herding techniques, and work schedules to the moral code, education system, and personal relationships. He says that one of the problems with the United States government is that it does not use the scientific process to get down out what the people of the nation need and want. He claims that everything runs so smoothly in Walden Two because the community is... ...t supplier for people of all ages and races, with equality of the sexes and stay behavioral engineering that encourages art and science. Huxleys Brave New W orld, on the other hand, shows how drastically wrong ancestral and behavioral sciences could go if allowed to do so. twain novels show how communal living solves numerous social problems, though Walden Two has a much more nonviolent setting instead of the mock one created by Huxley. The question both books bring up is how far the human race should allow science to go before we become carbon copies of all(prenominal) other or even completely inhuman. But then, how far is too far?Works CitedSkinner, B.F. Walden Two. United States of America Prentice Hall, 1976.Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York, New York HarperCollins Publishers Inc. c1932 Huxley.com, 1998. 16 September 2004. . Too Much Science in Walden Two by B.F. Skinner audition -- PsychologyToo Much Science? In the 1930s, Europe began to fall under the shadow of socialism with the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, the Communist Revolution in Russia, and the Fascist uprising in Italy. Americ ans tried to ignore this growing crisis in Europe for as long as possible even some in the United Kingdom were not unduly concerned with this sudden change. Some people, including authors Aldous Huxley, were startled and put their fears down on paper. Huxleys Brave New World shows an unsettling optimistic front that covers the disturbing reality of a futuristic socialist world. After the war ended, more novels about the socialism appeared, George Orwells 1984 and B.F. Skinners Walden Two as a few examples, though they are complete opposites on the views of socialism presented. In Walden Two, the tone is very positive. The head of the community, a man named T.E. Frazier, explains every aspect of the thriving communal settlement to a group of curious enquirers. The party includes an old colleague of Fraziers, a psychology professor named Burris, a philosophy professor named Augustine Castle, and two veteran soldiers from World War Two named Steve Jamnik and Rogers, along wi th their girlfriends Mary Grove and Barbara Macklin, respectively. Frazier walks them through all the workings of the Walden Two community, from the agricultural processes, sheep herding techniques, and work schedules to the moral code, education system, and personal relationships. He says that one of the problems with the United States government is that it does not use the scientific process to find out what the people of the nation need and want. He claims that everything runs so smoothly in Walden Two because the community is... ...t provider for people of all ages and races, with equality of the sexes and gentle behavioral engineering that encourages art and science. Huxleys Brave New World, on the other hand, shows how drastically wrong genetic and behavioral sciences could go if allowed to do so. Both novels show how communal living solves numerous social problems, though Walden Two has a much more peaceful setting instead of the mock one created by Huxley. The question both books bring up is how far the human race should allow science to go before we become carbon copies of each other or even completely inhuman. But then, how far is too far?Works CitedSkinner, B.F. Walden Two. United States of America Prentice Hall, 1976.Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York, New York HarperCollins Publishers Inc. c1932 Huxley.com, 1998. 16 September 2004. .

History Of Rap :: essays research papers

History of RapRap Music, a genre of R&B that includes rhythmic poetry put over a musical background. The background consists of beats combined with digitally isolated sound bites from other saves. The first recording of rap was made in 1979 and the genre began to take notice in the U.S. in the mid-1980s. Though the name rap is often used back and forward with hip hop. The name hip-hop comes from one of the earliest phrases used in rap on the song Rappers Delight by Sugarhill Gang. I said a hip hop, hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip a hop, and you dont s top, a rock it to the bang bang boogie, say, up jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.. In extension to rap music, the hip-hop subculture also formed other methods of expression like break dancing, graffiti art, a unique slang vocabulary, and fashion sense.Rap started in the mid-1970s in the South Bronx area of New York City. The birth of rap is, in many ways, like the birth of rock and roll. Both originated in t he African American community and both were first recorded by small, independent record labels and marketed towards, mostly to a black audience. And in both cases, the new style shortly attracted white musicians that began performing it. For rock and roll it was a white American from Mississippi, Elvis Presley. For rap it was a young white group from New York, the Beastie Boys. Their stop (You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party) (1986) was one of the first cardinal rap records to reach the Billboard top-ten. Another early rap song to reach the top ten, Walk This Way (1986), was a collaboration of Run-DMC and Aerosmith. Soon after 1986, the use of samples was influenced in the music of both black and white performers, changing past thoughts of what shake up a valid song.Rap music was first a cross-cultural product. Most of its important early practitioners, Kool Herc, DJ Hollywood, and Afrika Bambaataa, were either first- or second-generation Americans of Caribbean background. Kool Herc and DJ Hollywood are given credit for introducing the Jamaican style of cutting and mixing into the musical culture of the South Bronx. Herc was the first DJ to buy two copies of the same record for just a 15-second break (instrumental segment) in the middle. By mixing back and forth between the two copies he was able to double, triple, or endlessly extend the break.

History Of Rap :: essays research papers

History of RapRap Music, a genre of R&B that includes rhythmic poetry put over a musical oscilloscope. The background consists of beats combined with digitally isolated sound bites from other temperamentings. The first recording of swath was made in 1979 and the genre began to take notice in the U.S. in the mid-1980s. Though the name rap is often recitationd back and forth with hip hop. The name hip-hop comes from one of the earliest phrases used in rap on the song Rappers Delight by Sugarhill Gang. I said a hip hop, hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip a hop, and you dont stop, a rock it to the bang bang boogie, say, up jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.. In addition to rap music, the hip-hop subculture also formed other methods of expression kindred break dancing, graffiti art, a unique slang vocabulary, and fashion sense.Rap started in the mid-1970s in the South Bronx area of New York City. The birth of rap is, in many ways, like the birth of rock and roll . Both originated in the African American community and both were first recorded by small, independent record labels and marketed towards, mostly to a black audience. And in both cases, the new style soon attracted white musicians that began performing it. For rock and roll it was a white American from Mississippi, Elvis Presley. For rap it was a young white group from New York, the Beastie Boys. Their release (You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party) (1986) was one of the first two rap records to reach the Billboard top-ten. Another early rap song to reach the top ten, Walk This Way (1986), was a collaboration of Run-DMC and Aerosmith. Soon after 1986, the use of samples was influenced in the music of both black and white performers, changing past thoughts of what make up a valid song.Rap music was first a cross-cultural product. Most of its important early practitioners, Kool Herc, DJ Hollywood, and Afrika Bambaataa, were either first- or second-generation Americans of Caribbean background. Kool Herc and DJ Hollywood are given credit for introducing the Jamaican style of bare and mixing into the musical culture of the South Bronx. Herc was the first DJ to buy two copies of the same record for just a 15-second break (instrumental segment) in the middle. By mixing back and forth between the two copies he was able to double, triple, or endlessly extend the break.

Congestion Charging Essay

Resolving Londons station problems was the highest priority of the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone. His goal was to create a world-class transport system that would advance origin efficiency, supports greater economic prosperity and improves the quality of life for every one living in London or visiting London.The Mayors transport strategy, which was published on 10 July 2001, it had ten key priorities* Reducing employment congestion* Rising money for underground investment* Rising money for radical improvements to bus services across London* Better integration of the National Rail system with Londons former(a) transport systems* increase the capacity of Londons transport system* Improving journey time reliability for railcar users* Supporting local transport initiatives* Making the diffusion of goods and services in London more reliable and efficient* Improving the accessibility of Londons transport system* Bringing forward parvenue integration initiatives.What is Congestion Charges?* Congestion charging is a modality of ensuring that those using valuable and crowded road space make a financial contribution.* It encourages the use of other modes of transport and is besides intended to ensure that, for those who have to use the roads, journey times are quicker and more reliable.* This scheme requires drivers to soften 5 per day if they wish to continue driving in central London.Tube stationWide line zone ring roadJam Cam see what the avocation is likeCharging zone areaParkingTrain stationRiver servicesThis map shows all the areas that are affected by congestion charges. By looking at at the map you can see all of central London zone 1 and zone 2 has being affected, so anyone living in spite of appearance that area would have to pay the congestion charge to travel to their local area or outside the congestion zones. emolument and disadvantage of congestion chargingAdvantage* Reduce congestion* Reduce through traffic* Further encourage use of publ ic transport in central London* Benefit business efficiency by speeding up the movement of goods and people* Create a better environment for walking and cyclingDisadvantageo business may increase on orbital routes by up to 5%o Traffic would be reduced on radial routes by 5 10%o Overall reduction in traffic by 1 2%o London scheme could simply make traffic worse elsewhereo Will hit disadvantaged hardesto The scheme had no pilot scheme to test the effectiveness of congestion chargeso It will take months to establish whether it is a successConclusionCongetion charges has it adavantages and disavantages an asthmatic would would totally spport congestion charges, as pollution caused by cars is a factor of asthame. It is also a class question. Those who can afford to have moved, those who cant have to stay and choke. If congestion charges take back them and thier families a chance to breathe then(prenominal) I would fully support it.However, they need to be part of a plan aimed at enh ancing the environment and improving the quality of life. This could include cheaper public transport and improvements in its quality, safety and reliability more nurseries and play schools nearer to where people live, more on-line shopping, local markets and food co-ops, reduced hours with no loss of pay repopulating city centres and the countryside, more home working and home schooling a guaranteed in pass dispatch to give parents the option of being full time carers offering those willing to give up their car free bikes or public transport.But thither is also an agrument about Who is prepared to pay 10 a day, 50 a week, or 3,500 a year for congestion charging and 2,000 for workplace parkingwhich is 6,000 of taxed incomefor the privilege of bringing their car into London? It is the riche man ie stockborker, banker, law ect who wants to come in from Surbiton to the City of London. Their would not mind the charges. thier puts them down to they companies and it pays the 5,000 or 10, 000 a year. Who cares anyway? He will just say, Thats great, thank you very much. I believe It is a fat cats charter.What about people on a low wage, old people, young mothers who are dependent on their motor car not only in London but throughout the nation? To those people, 5,000 or 10,000 a year is a lot. What I want to know is this. What consultations has the get party had with groups of disabled people? What consultations has it had with the unions in regard to low wage earners? What consultations has it had with old peoplepeople who need their motor cars, and who will be taxed off the road if the charges are to work? If the Government say that is not their intention, and that such people will not be taxed off the road, I put it to them that there is no chance that their congestion charge will work.It is certain that the fat cats will not be taxed off the road. If the Government find a way of allowing housewives, young mothers, disabled people or members of the other categories to stay on the road, the amount of congestion will not be reduced, and all that we shall have is a revenue raiser for the mayor.

Food Delivery Essay

Introduction intellectual nourishment is a rudimentary necessity. The intentness which deals with preparing intellectual nourishment items/products refers to the nourishment help industry. The nourishment serve up industry is and volition always take a breather in high demand because of its genre. These industries include restaurants, fast nutriments, school and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, viands carts and food trucks etc. Restaurants and fast foods mainly contribute to the food service industry. 1 profuse food generally refers to the typeface of restaurants that sell quick, inexpensive take-out food.During a relatively brief period of judgment of conviction, the fast food industry has helped to transform not only diet, but also landscape, economy, work-force, and popular culture. The extraordinary growth of the fast food industry has been obsessed by fundamental changes in society. The whole experience of buying fast food has become so habitual, that it is now taken for granted, like brushing your teeth or stopping for a red light. Restaurants and fast foods are meant for same services except that restaurants offer a large menu including a variety of cuisines as compared to fast foods, which usually offers a small menu with quick service.Another difference between a restaurant and fast food is, restaurants offer meals that are cooked and prepared and is eaten at the premises while fast food usually is pre-cooked meals or serves meals that are cooked easily. Diners may eat it inside the store or they can order their food to-go. In fast foods you usually pay forwards eating unlike full service restaurants. 2 nutrientservice organizations in operation in the United States now have become an accepted way of life, and we tend to regard them as relatively recent innovations.However, they have their roots in the habits and customs that characterize our finish and predate the Middle Ages. Certain phases of foodservice operations reach a wholesome-organized from as early as feudal times. Religious orders and royal households were among the earliest practitioners of quantity food production. Records show that the food preparation carried out by the abbey brethren reached a much higher standard than food served in the inns at that time.The royal household, with its hundreds of retainers, and the households of nobles, often add up as manyas 150 to 250 persons, also necessitated an efficient foodservice. In providing for the various needs, strict hail accounting was necessary, and here, perhaps, marks the beginning of the present-day scientific foodservice cost accounting. 3 The history of food voice communication services traces its inception over sixty years. Since this time food delivery services still have the same basic principle to ensure that members of the community can have a hot, tasty and sweet meal.The first meal delivery services are believed to have been started during Wartime, London. As a result of the Blitz, many Londoners had lost their homes and their ability to cook for themselves. In chemical reaction to this need the WVS (Womens Volunteer Service) produced meals and delivered them to people who had lost practically everything. This warmth approach was carried on in various areas of the UK where injured servicemen were provided meals by volunteers in the topical anaesthetic vicinity. After the war the first true food delivery service evolved in Hemel Hempstead in 1947.The pass catchers were still servicemen who were incap commensurate of cooking their own meals but instead of the vans used to transport meals today, these early services apparently used prams, seamed with felt and even straw to ensure that the meal was delivered warm. Understandably this type of service was extremely labour intensive requiring a vast network volunteers, each with good cooking knowledge and skills. Today, the processes involved incorporate mass production principles. In the UK food delivery services operate in a function of different ways.There are old agency led programmes, typically ran in confederacy with local councils to cater for the local population. There are also snobby services that cater for those people that would like the benefits of food delivery but do not necessarily meet all of the criteria. In the modern age there are also a number of different ways in which the food is delivered. Some programmes deliver meal that are cooked in a central location and then kept warm as they are delivered. opposite programmes cook the food, allow it to cool and then cook the food before delivery in mobile units that both cook and deliver the food.The final type of programme delivers frozen meals that can be heated by the recipient in the microwave or oven. Modern technological research and development cogitate to the food service have brought many advances in methods of food delivery service and in part from the production system and from the complicity of modern day food service operation. 4 Nowadays there are a hightail it of different fooddelivery services out there catering for the elderly, modify and also those with special dietary requirements.It is commitment development to caring and ensuring people eat well that has been a consistent theme throughout the of food delivery services. The objective of this study is to know the status of selected Food Delivery Service in Legazpi urban center which delved into the status, recognition of respondents, problems encountered, and the possible intervention may be offered to adjudicate the problem. Statement of the Problem The study focuses on the food delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City. Specifically it sought to answer the interest questions.1. What is the status of food delivery service in Legazpi City, In ground of a. Packages Offered b. market Strategy c. era 2. What is the perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazp i City in terms of a. Packages b. availability of order c. Time 3. What are the problems encountered by respondents. In terms of a. Time b. Weather correct c. Food Presentation 4. What are the possible interventions that may offered to solve the problem encountered in term of a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation self-assertion of the Study 1.The Status of Food Delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City varies in terms of packages offered, marketing strategy, and time. 2. The perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of packages, availability of order, and quality of the food. 3. There are problems encountered by the respondents in terms ofas 150 to 250 persons, also necessitated an efficient foodservice. In providing for the various needs, strict cost accounting was necessary, and here, perhaps, marks the beginning of the present-day scientific foodservice cost accounting.3 The history of food deliver y services traces its inception over sixty years. Since this time food delivery services still have the same basic principle to ensure that members of the community can have a hot, tasty and enjoyable meal. The first meal delivery services are believed to have been started during Wartime, London. As a result of the Blitz, many Londoners had lost their homes and their ability to cook for themselves. In response to this need the WVS (Womens Volunteer Service) produced meals and delivered them to people who had lost practically everything.This caring approach was carried on in various areas of the UK where injured servicemen were provided meals by volunteers in the local vicinity. After the war the first true food delivery service evolved in Hemel Hempstead in 1947. The recipients were still servicemen who were incapable of cooking their own meals but instead of the vans used to transport meals today, these early services apparently used prams, lined with felt and even straw to ensure that the meal was delivered warm. Understandably this type of service was extremely labour intensive requiring a vast network volunteers, each with good cooking knowledge and skills.Today, the processes involved incorporate mass production principles. In the UK food delivery services operate in a number of different ways. There are agency led programmes, typically ran in conjunction with local councils to cater for the local population. There are also private services that cater for those people that would like the benefits of food delivery but do not necessarily meet all of the criteria. In the modern age there are also a number of different ways in which the food is delivered. Some programmes deliver meal that are cooked in a central location and then kept warm as they are delivered.Other programmes cook the food, allow it to cool and then cook the food before delivery in mobile units that both cook and deliver the food. The final type of programme delivers frozen meals that can b e heated by the recipient in the microwave or oven. Modern technological research and development related to the food service have brought many advances in methods of food delivery service and in part from the production system and from the complicity of modern day food service operation.4 Nowadays there are a range of different food delivery services out there catering for the elderly, disabled and also those with special dietary requirements. It is commitment development to caring and ensuring people eat well that has been a consistent theme throughout the of food delivery services. The objective of this study is to know the status of selected Food Delivery Service in Legazpi City which delved into the status, perception of respondents, problems encountered, and the possible intervention may be offered to solve the problem. Statement of the Problem.The study focuses on the food delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City. Specifically it sought to answer t he following questions. 1. What is the status of food delivery service in Legazpi City, In terms of a. Packages Offered b. Marketing Strategy c. Time 2. What is the perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of a. Packages b. availability of order c. Time 3. What are the problems encountered by respondents. In terms of a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation 4.What are the possible interventions that may offered to solve the problem encountered in term of a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation Assumption of the Study 1. The Status of Food Delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City varies in terms of packages offered, marketing strategy, and time. 2. The perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of packages, availability of order, and quality of the food. 3. There are problems encountered by the respondents in terms of time, weather condition, and food pre sentation.4. There are possible intervention that may be offered to solve the problems encountered by the respondents in terms of of time, weather condition, and food presentation. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study will discuss about Fast food Delivery Services in Legazpi City. It includes packages offered, marketing strategy, and time as well as the perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in terms of packages, availability of order, and time. It also includes the problems encountered by the respondents in terms time, weather condition, and food presentation.There are possible intervention that may offered to solve the problems encountered in terms of time, weather condition, and food presentation. The population of the study were tetrad (4) owner or manager, twenty-five (25) customer and four (4) delivery man or runner of a fast food delivery services with a total of thirty-three (33) respondents. This study will focus on four well known Fast Food Chains that offered delivery services in Legazpi City, including McDonalds, Jollibee, Graceland and Chowking, Fast Food Chains not cited on the above statement are not included in this study. Significance of the Study.This study is significant to the following concern individuals. Franchisees. Findings of this study will provide them additional knowledge and strategies on how to increase their usual sales result of this study will be able to encourage potential investors. This study will also provide some information about how to manage a food delivery service. Delivery opus/Runner. Findings of this study will give the workers the benefit and compensation regarding Customers. Findings of this study will provide them information about what to expect with different ways of delivering the food to the customer.It will also give them an idea about their service that they avail. Researchers. Findings of this study will give the students an exposure and knowledge on how the food delivery is being process. And to supercharge explain the food delivery process. Future Researchers. Results will lead them through further research. The result being gathered may be used as reference for their further studies and better understanding. Notes Delivery Man (though you could be female) and Runner is sometimes used in a few locations who sell meals that can be delivered.

Hasbro Case Study †Ethical Behavior Essay

In the aftermath of Tycos executive scandal in the early 2000s, Ed Breen and Tycos new elected management team were vital elements to the repair of Tycos corporate social responsibility and company image. During this time, Tyco International began focusing on the repair of internecine weaknesses and devised several initiatives to remediate their image and reform their values. During Tycos reform period they focused on multiple goals and company-wide achievements. Governance, customers, growth, teamwork and culture, operational excellence, and financial strength and flexibility were analyzed, scrutinized, and revamped.Tycos new vision To be our customers first choice in every market we serve by exceeding commitments, providing new technology solutions, leveraging our divers(prenominal) brands, driving operational excellence, and committing to the highest standards of vexation practices-all of which will drive Tycos long-term growth, value, and success. (About Tyco Tyco Internat ional) Supporting variety show in todays global commerce is compulsive to maintaining a competitive advantage. Tyco realizes this strategy and has developed their induce innovative diversity initiatives to increase stakeholder value and strengthen their brand image.In 2010, Tyco International launched a diversity roadmap that developed strategies to increase the level of purchases from small businesses owned by minorities and women. Our goal is to increase the number of diverse suppliers, increase the amount we spend with diverse suppliers, and hold diverse suppliers in our sourcing initiatives. We are dedicated to building a strong community and driving diverse suppliers to sustain themselves well into the 21st century. Participation in diversity events withal enables us to network, learn and share best practices with other corporations that have strong commitments to supplier diversity. (Corporate Citizenship Tyco International)As part of Tycos revolution to improve teamwork and culture, the company implemented a career development planning process. Training options are designed to suite every Tyco employee varietal. Training options range from on rate specialists and mentors to paced e-learning and instructor led classes. Our businesses ensure that our employees keep pace with the ever changing technical skill requirements of their jobs through the development of functional career paths and customized training plans.Our instruction execution management process is also key to the development of our people. It drives on-the-job learning by ensuring that all employees establish both performance and development goals each year (2010 Annual Review & Corporate Responsibility Report Employee Learning & Development) Aside from the many internal reform practices, Tyco has taken great measures to positively impact outside(a) factors within our environment. Energy conservation and waste reduction have been elemental in Tycos repair of corporate social respons ibility.In 2008, Tyco incorporated its own environmental committee to ensure compliance and inspire new environment protection and conservation goals. (2010 Annual Review & Corporate Responsibility Report environmental Goals) Tyco called its new environmental campaign Vital World. The specific focus of Vital World is monitoring and improving efforts to reduce water waste, decrease green signaling gas emission, and maximize fuel efficiency. Plans to use the most innovative, energy saving components for new facilities is just another way Tyco plans to reduce its carbon footprint.Tyco is making received that the global environmental goals and initiatives that are created remain relevant and compliant. Tyco is raising the bar on environmental protection efforts and seeks to exceed government standards by developing a higher set of regulatory policies. To ensure the compliance of environmental objectives, Tyco developed a comprehensive compliance program in 2004. Compliance component s include egotism audits and assessments with a corrective action tracking system. Tycos audits are benchmarked against national laws and regulations to uphold the highest standards.Tyco facilities throughout the world have earned external environment, health and refuge recognition through rigorous international registration programs such as ISO 14001and OSHAS 18001 and national standards such as the U. S. Department of Labors Occupational guard duty and Health Administration Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). (2010 Annual Review & Corporate Responsibility Report Compliance) We are all stakeholders in Tyco when you take a look at the companys 3 business segments, Covidien (formerly Tyco Healthcare), Tyco Electronics, and Tyco International. Tycos security solutions protect nearly 7 million homes, 50 of the top U. S. Banks, ccc International Airports, and 80% of the top global retailers.Every day customers in more than 60 countries rely on Tycos fire protection business to help protect lives and property on land and sea. Tycos flow control business is a leading manufacturer and marketer of valves and controls, water & environmental systems, and thermal control solutions for multiple industries. (Our Businesses Security Solutions) After researching Tyco, our group realized that Tycos companies and many product lines have affected some detail in each of our lives.Whether youve ever been in the hospital or flown the friendly skies you have experienced an extension of Tyco International. In short, Tyco protects the worlds most vital elements people, assets, and the environment. Our group, also classified as Tyco stakeholders, feel that Tyco has reclaimed the title of a reputable and successful corporation. In the last decade, Tyco has demonstrated many achievements of corporate social responsibility and shows no sign of losing that objective.

Non-Cognitivists vs. Moral Realism

Cognitive sentences atomic number 18 those that be dependent to facts and readily have or consist of truth prises, such as straight and fancied. Non-Cognitive Sentences constitutes statements which are freelancer of facts and are cannot be assumed to have a truth value. In this regards, statements such as Girelle is stands about five feet and five inches tall and the vase is red are statements which falls under the Cognitive division. While statements like keep quiet and you must not lie corresponds to Non-cognitive statements.(Marturano 2006, 1)According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy, Non-cognitive holds that lesson properties otherwise known as moral facts do not exist. This means that moral statements are statements that can neither be true or false or simply these statements do not contain any truth condition. Moral sentiments are merely approval or censure expressions more akin to wishes and aspirations that are seldom associated with emotions than to cognit ive state of mind such as beliefs or ideas. Moral Realism on the other hand holds that moral statements were actually reports of genuine actions or ideas that are always true or real or existing. ( Sayre-McCord 2005, 1)Non-cognitivist copes that moral statements have no truth conditions in such case that their predicate was merely moral utterances or sentiments that neither have truth or falsity. It does not tell anything about its subject that could prove its truthfulness. In a sense, moral sentiments are purposeless and remain to be mere expressions. They further argue that moral statements were emotive, prescriptive and motivational that cannot be classified as either true or false (Ayer 1936, 28-55) .Non-moral statements on the other hand can express beliefs and ideas that can be evaluated as either true or false (Blackburn 1984, 12-25).Thus the Non-Cognitivist holds that since moral claims are non-cognitive statements, they do not contain any descriptive sentence and are the refore not describing anything at all which means that they do not contain factual statements and are not asserting anything.(Railton 1986, 4-6)The Non-cognitivist believes that normative claims are not valid of any logic since they cannot be true or false. According to Ayer, as quoted in the earnings Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ethical claims are lie ind of pseudo concepts which merely convey commands or feelings and do not contain any meaning (Marturano 2006, 1). Ethical statements stay important or significant beca put on it is being use to persuade other people most specifically the receiver to perform or act in a plastered way. In such case, ethical claims can be debated or can cause several disagreements and agreements but it can never comprise a logical understanding or reach any rational conclusion because normative claims cannot express the truth value of the statement. Thus, logical laws or basic rules of logic are inapplicable to moral statements (Hooker 1996, 3-5).By being a non-cognitivist, a person can deal with more relevant headings concerning reality. For instance, instead of dealing with the question of truthfulness of the statement spontaneous abortion should not be permissible, people would be more focused on assessing the claim with respect to its effect or to its general utility. If abortion is done what would be its effect, thus basing the judgment on the factual outcome and not on mere assumption. To make this point clearer, shoot the statement genocide is wrong, since it does not express any truth value, its assessment or its continuation would depend on its result.Non-cognitivism, by removing the truth value of normative statements has ended the dispute regarding the reality of an objective moral code or morality. This paved the way for moral relativism which favors the variation of moral codes in the contrary parts of the worlds at different times. This results to more respect to different cultures and traditions across natio nal and ethnic boundaries.By denoting that moral statements are merely expression of approval/disapproval or sentiments, the non-cognitivist have also succeed in emphasizing the reason why there have been different reactions among different people regarding a certain moral issue. The varying reason as to why and how people view things differently. It also shows that moral statements cannot be true or false, thus they cannot be use to persuade other people in doing this or that.Moral realness on the other hand purports that moral statements is either true or false. The moral claim, abortion is wrong is either true or false. If this will be the case, there would be fixed moral codes that should apply to allone else or at least every rational person in the planet. Yet, the relativity and subjectivity of moral statements seems to contradict the moral realist position because in different countries there were differing view regarding this matter and this is something that is habitual in the reality in which we lived in. People does not agree on the said(prenominal) moral issue, most often they would argue differently depending on their position, biases, outlook, experiences and so on. The reason why I agree that abortion is wrong would be very different from your or his or her reason.In moral realism, people would continue to argue and debate over claims fruitlessly. In the end they would come up with a conclusion that is not far from being the decision of the majority. If moral realism are right in asserting that moral statements expresses truth value, then what people, specially influential and powerful ones would do is to persuade other people into accept that their statement is the right and whatever that contradicts their statement and purpose are wrong.Moral realism maintains that there can be objective moral values which contradicts the Non-cognitivist claims. However, moral realist failed to name what constitute the objective moral facts (Shafer-Landa u 2005). They argued that death penalty is wrong can be accounted as either true or false simply because they believed that it is the same as any cognitive statement such as it is dark. Moral realist cannot prove that death penalty is wrong is in fact true for it differs from peoples opinion, perspectives and desire. There is no factual evidence that could actually prove that it is true (Stevenson1944, 15). The reality of the existence of moral facts is inaccessible to scientific inquiry and cannot be observed directly through our senses without appeal to our emotions, sentiments or feelings.ReferencesAyer, A. J. 1936. Language, Truth and Logic. London GollanczBlackburn, S. 1984. Spreading the Word. Oxford ClarendonHare R. M. 1997. Sorting Out Ethics. Oxford O.U.P.Hooker, Brad. 1996. Truth In Ethics. Oxford.Kim, Shin. 2006. Moral Realism. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.Marturano, Anotonio. 2006. Non-Cognitivism in Ethics. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.Railton, Pe ter. 1986. Moral Realism The Philosophical Review. Vol. 95, No. 2 (Apr.,), pp. 163-207Sayre-McCord, Geoff. 2005. Moral Realism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved on September 20, 2007. Retrieved from the World large Web http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-cognitivism/Shafer-Landau, Russ. June 15, 2005. Moral Realism A Defense. USA Oxford University PressStevenson, C.L. 1944. Ethics and Language. New Haven Yale U.P

Gender Stereotypes: Definition, Examples and Analysis Essay

The sociological imagination allows us to identify the links between our personal lives and the larger social forces of lifeto see that what is happening to us in a flash is a minute point at which our personal lives and society intersect (Hughes and Kroehler 2008). Many people ask what ar gender shares or have diametrical meanings on what are they, so what are gender spots? Gender roles in society means how were expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon out charge sex (planned parenthood,2017) I know many people who are from other Hispanic countries that move to the United States and slowly change their ways of being, but unmatched thing I never see a change of is gender roles. In my opinion, gender roles are some(prenominal) cultural and personal. The reason I enunciate that is because I myself am Hispanic, and although I myself was born and raised here in the United States and there are still Hispanic roles that I see my family follow. For ex ample, in Hispanic tradition traditionally the women are to cook and clean and carry their tradition and learnings to teach their daughters that their duties are to cook and clean as well, men are to work and fix things and they carry that over and teach their sons the same thing that they did growing up. Many people who are from other cultures also believe that women should not work, and they should be cooking or cleaning. People who signify this way are taught to think like that since childhood, normally continue into adulthood.Another example of Gender role that I think every culture follows is parents letting their son stay out later, and do more things then they would let their daughter do. Parents typically think that because their son is a male they are more likely to be safer in the streets then a female, but in reality, if you think about it both male and female are at risk of something happening to them at any time throughout their life no matter what gender they are. The biggest gender role that is common in the world is women being empathetic and men being masculine. Many people think that the women are the weaker link, and men are the arduous ones. Although it may seem like that, that is not the case. Men just tend to hide and hold in their feelings longer than women. Both men and women are equally empathetic.society have come to the conclusion that men are to be one way and women are to be another way. society has these are ideal gender roles, but all these ideal gender roles affect people in a different way. From school, and work, and just to being out in public. Gender role has many expectations when it comes to male and female roles which have caused a negative effect on both men and women and just society itself. Gender roles will constantly be a part of society, and it will always cause a negative effect on this generation and even future generations.

Market Segmentation for Lawn Mowers Essay

IntroductionIn this document, we will analyse the current grocery store of lawnmowers in Portugal. By recognising this mart and its products with distinct characteristics, we will perform a customer segmentation, which will allow us to divide the trade into small groups. through the segmentation of the lawnmower market, it will be possible to achieve a greater proximity to the final customer create advertising media that target the identified segments serve the positioning of the product and obtain the return on investment by the company. The developments and technological diversity provided by all the competitors operating in the sector has shown that this market is very competitive nowadays. Thus, it is imperative that a strategic shift is implemented, which is more focused on meeting the needs of the customer.The notorious falling sales in the sector since 2008 were of equal importance, although the explanation of this phenomenon lies in the national and international economy situation. To analyze the current market of lawnmowers in Portugal, we started to make a small market research. To get a concrete shape, we went to one of the biggest players in the market Leroy Merlin, who kindly gave us some informations which served as basis for this assignment and which allow us to have a better vision of what is happening in the lawn care industry.GOALSBy segmenting the market of mowers you can Get a closer relationship with the curio consumer Create advertising media that are targeted to the identified segments Facilitate the positioning of the product And monetize coveted by the company.This last point is usually associated with increase sales, Increase profits, Increase sales dealer channel.SegmentationThere are several types of lawnmowers available on the market manual, battery provide or gas powered models, are some of the options. There are ways to segment the lawnmower market Customer characteristics Geographic ( region, city size, and so on ) Demo graphic ( gender, age, race, household size, and so on ) Socioeconomic ( income, education, occupation, and so on ) Psychographic ( lifestyle, personality, and so on )Buying situation Benefits sought ( product features, quality, service, warranty ) Usage rate quantity purchased during a specific periodBased on the market research that we conducted, we restricted the types of lawn mowers to non-powered, powered and powered riding for three different market segments urban, suburban and rural. (POR TABELA DE PERCENTAGEM)The percentages minded(p) are based on the literature, as well as the information given by the head of the gardening sector at Leroy Merlin, which we visited, in Alfragide. Against this backdrop, the nigh attractive segment seems to be that of the consumers who live in the suburban area and who use powered walk-behind lawn mowers. However, this segment whitethorn already be flooded with competition, it may be more beneficial to target a small segment of consumers, like urban consumers using non-powered or powered walking mowers. The smallest segment may be the most profitable and lucrative.ConclusionFrom our research we can segment the market of lawnmowers in Portugal as mainly directed to male gender, between 35-55 days old, who lives in the suburbs of large cities, in a house with a garden area between 1.000 to 2.150 square feet of grass with a household of four mass and average income between 20.000 and 30.000 per year. The most chosen mower for this kind of segment is the electric powered one, in spite of major dis improvement of requiring a telegram plugged to work, which makes that their use is impractical for those who have large estates. It is noteworthy that one of the great advantages of an electric lawn mower is that it does not require extensive maintenance.With the displacement of legion(predicate) ex-urbanites to the most suburban areas of large cities, the growth of lawnmowers little by little began to live better days. Wi th this segmentation, we believe thatthe Finnish company will take advantage of this kind of market penetration. Faced with fierce competition (AKI Group, IZI-MESTRE MACO, LEROY MERLIN, BRICOMARCH, BRICO LECLERC and also in many other customers in traditional market said Garden Centres, ironware Stores, Drugstores, Building Materials Stores and other sited North to South), the Finnish company will have to differentiate the products presented, as well as in the developed marketing campaigns, meet specific needs and desires of this kind of consumers.BibliographyMarket Segmentation How to Do It and How to Profit from It, Malcolm McDonald Butterworth-Heinemann, 2012 Market Segmentation Conceptual and Methodological Foundations, Michel Wedel, Wagner A. Kamakura 2000 Handbook of Market Segmentation strategic Targeting for Business and Technology firms, 3rd edition, Art Weinstein, PhD, 2004 Market Segmentation Success Making It Happen, Sally Dibb, Lyndon Simkin 2013 a

Management Report Project on Work Performance

Abstract The objective of this question is to find out if at that place is any coefficient of correlation mingled with acetify mathematical opeproportionn and railway line comfort with a sample study of sales soulfulnessnel working in different banks. Additionall(a)y, this research sought to understand whether billet delight is linked to both(prenominal) work motivation and employees perceived panache of leading by Managers. With the help of surveys and interviews conducted with the participants, it was established that contrast blessedness was positively related with work productiveness. mistakable essay Argyles Communication CycleWork motivation and employees perceived elbow room of leading were also established as positively related with employee trouble contentment. These findings suggest that to summation work productiveness, managers whitethorn be required to elevate the level of job delight in employees, which may be potentially accomplished via a part icipative entree to leaders and sound motivation of employees. However, as the study is correlational in nature, the limitations of the electric current research are indicated under Discussion. Literature Review kinship in the midst of problem mirth and Productivity The most-used research definition of job contentment is by Locke (1976), who defined it as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of wizs job or job experiences. There are former(a) researchers and studies that support this notion of birth between job enjoyment and productivity indicating that organizations increasing job satisfaction is not only to benefit its employee but also for the organization financial advantages.As cited by Edward E. Lawler, job satisfaction is related to productivity as this bugger offs from a path goal theory of motivation that has been stated by Georgopoulos, Mahoney and Jones, Vroom, Lawler and Porter. According to them, people are motivated to do things which lead to rewards that they value. In this case, a path-goal theory would predict that high satisfaction impart lead to low bingeover and absenteeism be lay down the fulfil individual is motivated to go to work where his ineluctably are being satisfied.As quoted by Dailey and Kirk, 1992, job satisfaction and memorial tabletal commitment share an opposite relationship with absenteeism and turnover intention, factors that can sharply cut bottom line. wayward consequences include lower productivity and morale, and higher cost of hiring, retention and training. Thus, the reverse holds true whereby lower frequencies of absenteeism and turnover could lead to potentially higher contribution to organisational sparing productive gains.In a research done by National Research Institute for one of the largest Food Services providers in the United States, it was suspected that employee satisfaction was the cause for high employee absenteeism, ruling out other tangible factors. Findings showed that low job satisfaction was evident the National Business Research Institute (NBRI) kickoff Cause Analysis indicated that a gap existed between employees and the organizations short and long term goals, vision, and mission.Proposed recommendations from NBRI include several measures to relay managements strategic plans to the lowest-ranked employee and ensuring each and every employees daily activities were aligned according to such plans. Thereafter, subsequent employee survey results showed significant increases on employee satisfaction, enhancing Total Company Employee atonement dramatically.Employee Satisfaction Scores took a turn for the better, from a Weakness (below the 50th percentile of the NBRI Normative Database) to being Strength (above the 75th percentile of the NBRI Normative Database) in only six months. Whats more, employee absenteeism was decreased by more than 60%. With this correlation, Organ (1988) found that the job performance and job sati sfaction relationship follows the social exchange theory in which employees performance constitute a giving back to the organization from which they get their satisfaction.Recognising the fact that low job satisfaction leads to low productivity, in turn aggravating organisational performance, it is desperate organizations assess the strength of the relationship between employee job satisfaction and productivity level because of underlying implications on redesigning certain aspects of work. A study was conducted by Shanu and Gole (2008) on the satisfaction level of 100 managers from 15 private manufacturing firms. A job satisfaction instrument assessing areas such as recognition, monetary remuneration, working conditions, nature of job, and prox development was used.Then, these survey findings were compared with performance evaluations done by executives of assorted companies. In the wake of this, it was discovered that performance levels are consistent with high satisfaction sco res. This is congruent with a review of 301 studies, revealing that job satisfaction bolsters up work performance, with a higher inclination towards professional jobs, compared to less complex jobs (see Saari & Judge, 2004). While there are studies to show this correlation, the present study was concerned with whether job satisfaction is significantly associated with performance in the economic aspect.In a study conducted on 42 manufacturing companies, Patterson, Warr, and West (2004) found that- holding other factors like company size, previous productivity, and industrial sector constant- productivity (financial value of net sales per employee) is positively agree to job satisfaction In other study, Herzberg et al. (1959) stated that (positive) satisfaction is due to good experiences, and that these are due to motivators achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility and advancement.Dissatisfaction is due to bad experiences caused by hygiene factors supervisors, fel low workers, company policy, working conditions, and personal life (Herzberg et al. , 1959). Therefore, it is unable to ascertain if job satisfaction is positively correlated with economic productivity or whether an inverse relationship exists. The present study seeks to reaffirm findings from the bulk of research in favour of the notion that satisfied employees are more comprehend productive. Relationship between Motivation and Job SatisfactionThe level of performance of employees relies not only on their actual skills but also on the level of motivation each person exhibits (Burney et al. , 2007). A motivational framework, built on the premise of how employees should be managed, affects job satisfaction. Herzbergs (1959) two-factor theory of motivation attributes pay and benefits to one of the hygiene factors, in that the exclusion of this causes job dissatisfaction (Hugh Greenway & Tim Runacre, 2008). As Argyle (1989) explains, positive job atisfaction is due to motivators such as achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement, while dissatisfaction is due to bad experiences caused by hygiene factors such as salary, supervision, company policy, relations with fellow workers, and conditions of work. Lawler (1973) has a theory known as discrepancy theory which states that workers measure job satisfaction based on what they receive versus what they expect to receive, and a comparison in which an actual outcome level is lower than an expected outcome level would lead to dissatisfaction (Castillo & Cano, 2004).However, in another theory of motivation known as equity theory, it states that motivation is change by workers perception of how fairly they are being treated, with employees evaluating their inputs/outcomes by comparing them with the inputs/outcomes of others (Castillo & Cano, 2004 Luthans & Doh, 2009). If the ratio of inputs to outcomes is similar to the inputs and outcomes of others, equity exists. Inequity exists when the ratio of inputs to outcomes is unequal to the inputs and outcomes of others (Castillo & Cano, 2004 Luthans & Doh, 2009).Job satisfaction is then associated with the perception of equity, while perceptions of inequity will result in dissatisfaction with this belief having a negative effect on job performance (Castillo & Cano, 2004 Luthans & Doh, 2009). The common factors shared by the different theories of motivation are the implication of a lack for effective motivation in order to make employees satisfied with their jobs. Castillo and Cano (2004) examining in an earlier study on 148 faculty members reported that all of the job motivator factors determine by Herzberg (1959) were moderately or substantially related to overall job satisfaction.Such findings shed light on how organisations can enhance productivity by considering readiness of motivators such as recognition or improving on such motivators so as to heighten job satisfaction. In order to attain best profits, it is nec essary to ascertain the link between motivation and job satisfaction through extensive foraging for substantial evidence. Most importantly, the present study will illustrate that existence of motivators to propel employees to reach for organisational goals has a favourable impact on ram productivity via enhancement of job satisfaction.Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction In an organisation, the performance of staff is not only affected by motivation and job satisfaction but it is also affected by the leading style adopted by the organisation. Leadership is defined as a process through which others are influenced to channel their efforts in the direction of attaining their goals (Luthans & Doh, 2009). Organizational leadership sets the tone in the effectiveness of organizations, as well as plays a vital role in job satisfaction.Positive interactions among organisational leaders and members give rise to correlative respect, trust, and the ability to generate a sense of hope for the future- a much needed ingredient for job satisfaction to blossom from such relationships (Ackfeldt& Coote, 2005 Farh, Podsakoff, & Organ, 1990). Moreover, there is research that shows the existence of the relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. The National Business Research Institute (2007), examining factors of job satisfaction, surveyed more than 15,000 employees, largely white collar, from all levels of participating organizations in the United States.Leadership is identified as the prominent factor contributing to job satisfaction, a phenomenon evident in organizations. There is a relationship between managers leadership styles and employees job satisfaction, illustrated in a sample of 814 employees of a national hospital. According to Rad and Yarmohammadian (2006), a strong correlation between leadership doingss and job satisfaction prevails, citing that employee job satisfaction depends upon the style of leadership of managers.It was realised that a t rend emerged from studying the sample group a participative leadership style of managers dominates where this is a style of leadership in which subordinates are led through a reliance on delegate-oriented and people-oriented approaches. In Luthans and Doh (2009) findings, participative leaders adopt a non-authoritative tone, empowering employees, together with consulting with them, delegating responsibilities, and enabling mutual decision-making. As well, another study on the influence of leadership style on job satisfaction included 220 individuals coming from diverse industries like manufacturing, education, and overnment. Research findings showed a consistency with the earlier sample study, denoting that task and relational leadership style were positively associated with subordinate job satisfaction (Madlock, 2008). In all, it is essential to bear in mind that participative approach to leadership comprising task and relational behaviours may not be the best one style fits all s tyle of management due to the vast differences among organizations cultures, leaving one to engage in other styles of leadership where confiscate. (Yarmohammadian, 2006).Among other things, participative leadership is more popular in technologically advanced nations and may increasingly abound as countries mature economically (Luthans & Doh, 2009). Therefore, it is vital to further guarantee through the current study if job satisfaction increases via participative leadership style. If such a relationship is confirmed, it is assumed that job satisfaction shares a positive necktie with productivity participative leadership by managers could potentially boost employee productivity. The Current StudyThe present study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity where respondents are seventy-three employees working in 2 local and 2 foreign banks based in Singapore. The intent is to affirm if employees level of work motivation and managerial leadership style giv es rise to varying levels of job satisfaction. The participants in the study were Relationship Managers recruited from the sales departments of the local banks, namely United Overseas Bank (UOB) and Post maculation Savings Bank (POSB), as well as from the foreign banks Standard Chartered and Citibank N.A. The sphere of work required by the employees across the different organizations was similar, with the Relationship Managers being responsible for revenue generation by selling financial products. These organizations were selected for the present study to ascertain whether job satisfaction relates to employee economic performance in terms of labour productivity. In the banking sales sector, where productivity is measured in terms of financial value of net sales per employee, this provides a pecific measure of the progress and permit correlational analysis with job satisfaction scores, precisely the reason for the choice of the banking sales sector being the main subject of this p resent research. trey instruments assessing work motivation, leadership style of managers, and job satisfaction were precondition to the participants. Participants could respond freely to the survey questions according to their own perceptions. Every participants labour productivity figures were provided by the respective managers of the four sales departments.Lastly, the Method furnished additional details regarding the assessment instruments. Hypotheses It was anticipated that labour productivity would be positively associated with job satisfaction. It was also predicted that both work motivation and employees perceived use by managers of participative leadership would be positively related to job satisfaction. Method Participants iodine Hundred working adults, out of which 50 were females and 50 were males, aged from 21 to 40 (M= 30. 9 years, SD= 5. 37) constitute the respondents for this study.These respondents, each having worked in these banks from 1 to 10 years (M= 5. 41, SD= 2. 58), were chosen from the sales acquisition departments within the main branches of 2 local banks and 2 foreign banks based in Singapore. Materials The weapons required for the purposes of the present study come in three different assessments. Firstly, using The Leadership Style Questionnaire by Northouse (2001) measures task and relational leadership style to collate a general leadership profile representative of the participative approach to leadership.According to Anderson, Madlock & Hoffman, 2006 (cited in Madlock 2008), this instrument has reported scale reliabilities ranging from 0. 92 to 0. 95, and comprises 20 items measuring task and relational leadership styles on a 5-point Likert scale (1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree). The second instrument, adapted from the Work Motivation carriage Scale of the Akinboyes 2001 Executive Behavior Battery, is a 15-item questionnaire incorporating a 4-point Likert scale (1= strongly agree to 4= strongly disagree).The thi rd item measuring job satisfaction was rated by the 8-item Abridged Job in General scale (Russell, Spitzmtiller, Lin, Stanton, Smith & Ironson 2004, cited in Madlock 2008) that was based on a 5-point Likert scale response (1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree). The Abridged Job in General scale was reportedly said to have a reliability of 0. 87 (Russell et al. 2004, cited in Madlock 2008). Attached in Appendix 1, 2, and 3 one by one is a copy of the Leadership Style Questionnaire, the Work Motivation Instrument, and the Abridged Job in General scale.Apart from these data obtained from the research instruments, branch department mangers provided the labour productivity of each employee based on the financial value of the nets sales revenue per month per employee for the past 12 months. Procedure A telephone word with each of the four banks main branchs sales acquisition departments managers on the possibility of conducting a study investigate the links between leadership styl e, employee motivation, and job satisfaction which in turn predicts productivity was done.After consenting to the terms of the research, the researcher scheduled a half hour for the employees of each of the four banks at a time convenient to them. Meanwhile, delivery of the informed consent form and instructions for the three assessments, packed in an envelope, was arranged to each participant. All participants were given an explanation regarding the nature of the research, including clearing any doubts they might have, pertaining to the research. Sealed envelopes containing the questionnaires completed and handed by the participants to the respective manager would be collected from the latter in a weeks time.On the same day of collection, the month-end financial net sales figures of each employee for the duration of the past 12 months were obtained from the managers in order to number monthly misbegot sales revenue figures as an index of labour productivity for each participant R esults A computation of statistics for each assessment tool was done. The mean of job satisfaction was 23. 88 (N= 100, SD= 2. 46), the mean work motivation score was 38. 76 (N= 100, SD= 3. 94), while the mean score of employees perception of leadership style was 83. 98 (N= 100, SD= 6. 10).Monthly financial net sales figures for the past 12 months of each participant were to yield mean monthly sales revenue figures after which the mean of the averaged monthly sales revenue figures of all participants was found to be 14,265. 62 (N= 100, SD= 2,653. 47). Simple regression regressed productivity on job satisfaction. Results show that job satisfaction was positively associated with productivity, accounting for 20. 04% of the variance in productivity (R= 0. 66, p . 001). Through multiple regression analysis, it was found that motivation and perceived leadership style affected the varying levels in job satisfaction scores.Work motivation and perceived leadership style were both positively c orrelated with job satisfaction, accounting for 19. 5% (R= 0. 66, p . 001) and 16. 26% (R= 0. 24, p . 001) of the variance in job satisfaction respectively. Discussion The present study, conducted on a pool of white collar professionals, looked into the relationship between labour productivity and job satisfaction, as well as examined whether job satisfaction was associated with work motivation and employees perceptions of managerial leadership style.Results tabulated from the survey which was measured utilizing self, peers or supervisor assessment indicate that job satisfaction was moderately correlated with labour productivity, a finding that lends support to the body of research suggesting that greater job satisfaction is indicative of higher work performance (Argyle, 1989 Saari & Judge, 2004 Shahu & Gole, 2008).However, even when the economic aspect of performance, or more specifically, of labour productivity was examined, average job satisfaction still indicates to be correlate d significantly with performance, as consistent with Patterson M, 2004 study of 42 manufacturing companies indicating that company mean overall job satisfaction was significantly associated with and prognosticative of economic performance.However, even with the result that accounts for such relationship between work productivity and job satisfaction, it is difficult to infer that job satisfaction is the direct cause to that outcome. As it is widely known that correlation does not equate to causation, it cannot be concluded with certainty that satisfied employees evidence greater productivity as a consequence of their being satisfied with their jobs, as the reverse could be true that productivity actually accounts for job satisfaction or a third inconsistent could influence the outcome of the relationship between both.As for the third variable there is some evidence to suggest that redesigning jobs to enhance job features such as task identity, task significance, skill variety, auto nomy, and feedback may increase job satisfaction (Argyle, 1989), as it has been proposed that such features provide job satisfaction (Hackman & Oldham, 1980, cited in Argyle, 1989). What can be extrapolated from the findings of the current study is that job satisfaction makes up a proportion of the variance in employee productivity.This implies that a concentrate on improving employees level of satisfaction with their jobs may elevate labour productivity figures. Motivation and Job Satisfaction The findings obtained from the present study suggest that work motivation is positively associated with job satisfaction. Most research has indicated moderate to substantial correlations between Herzbergs (1959) job motivator factors and overall job satisfaction (Castillo & Cano, 2004) which is no surprise that there is a positive correlation between both.If motivators such as recognition, achievement, nature of the work, advancement and responsibility determine job satisfaction as purported by Herzberg (1959), then motivating employees via a focus on improving such aspects of a job may serve to make individuals more satisfied with their jobs. Castillo and Cano (2004) found that amongst the job motivator factors that were associated with job satisfaction amongst college faculty members, recognition best explained the variance among faculty members overall level of job satisfaction.Interestingly, Herzbergs (1959) assumption that hygiene factors relate to or determine dissatisfaction was supported, as it was found that the factor of working conditions was the least motivating aspect of faculty members jobs, implying that employees were least satisfied with the context in which their job was performed (Castillo & Cano, 2004).Management may thus need to seek out creative methods to motivate workers by providing opportunities for advancement, achievement, and through the cultivation of a sense of responsibility and autonomy as individuals are motivated to stick out because of intrinsic needs such as achievement, recognition, self-development, and meaning derived from performing work. More importantly, what Castillo and Canos (2004) findings suggest is that work should provide recognition through acts of notice or praise by colleagues, superiors, and management to increase job satisfaction.In the studies that have reported relationships between job satisfaction and work performance, it has been noted by Argyle (1989) that the correlations are greater for employees in supervisory or professional jobs. Also, job satisfaction predicts performance, with the relationship being even stronger for professional jobs could be due to the possibility that in such jobs, job performance is less contingent on external pressures such as task speed or wage incentives and more on motivation (Argyle, 1989).To the degree therefore that work performance or productivity depends upon employees level of job satisfaction, motivation at work holds an indispensable role oddly with respect to white-collar professional jobs in terms of its potential influence on job satisfaction. To conclude if motivation directly determines job performance are well beyond the scope of the current study.Further research is thus warranted in this area that will permit inferences about whether work motivation causes job satisfaction or work performance, or whether job satisfaction instead influences motivation. Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction In the present study, leadership style was indicated to be positively related to employee job satisfaction. This finding is of value because it supports the research findings that indicate that leadership behaviour of managers has an important influence on subordinate job satisfaction (Madlock, 2008).It appears from the current findings that as the perceived use by employees of a participative style of leadership in which task-centered and people-centered approaches are combined to lead subordinates, employees are more satisfied w ith their jobs. Such a finding is of direct relevance to organizations because the present research has also indicated a link between employee job satisfaction and work productivity in such a manner that increased levels of job satisfaction are associated with increased labour productivity.Thus, the extension of the current research by investigating the link between employees perceived leadership style of managers and job satisfaction provides organizations with a further area of focus to potentially maximize job satisfaction and thus to enhance performance of employees. Conclusion The organizational goal of helping employees find satisfaction in their work should be one of paramount importance, as it may be to the mutual benefit of the employer and employee. The present study suggests that employees tend to perform more productively when they are satisfied with their jobs.In order to capitalize on employee job satisfaction to potentially increase performance of employees, ways of m aximizing job satisfaction may encompass managing workers by selecting a participative style of leadership, as well as by motivating employees by ensuring that relevant intrinsic needs such as recognition are fulfilled though appropriate restructuring of the job. Such endeavours may then be advantageous for organizations in terms of productivity gains in the likelihood that job satisfaction is improved upon. Appendix 1 LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORKPLACE QUESTIONNAIREDirections Think about how often your immediate supervisor engages in the described behaviour. For each item, select the number that best represents the behaviour that your immediate supervisor is most likely to exhibit. 1 Strongly disagree2Disagree 3Neutral 4Agree 5Strongly agree My immediate supervisor 1. Tells group members what they are supposed to do. 1 2 3 4 5 2. Acts friendly with members of the group. 1 2 3 4 5 3. Sets standards of performance for group members. 1 2 3 4 5 4. Helps others feel comfortable in the group . 1 2 3 4 5 5.Makes suggestions on how to solve problems. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Responds favorably to suggestions made by others. 1 2 3 4 5 7. Makes his or her perspective clear to others. 1 2 3 4 5 8. Treats others fairly. 1 2 3 4 5 9. Develops a plan of action for the group. 1 2 3 4 5 10. Behaves in a predictable manner toward group members. 1 2 3 4 5 11. Defines role responsibilities for each group member. 1 2 3 4 5 12. Communicates actively with group members. 1 2 3 4 5 13. Clarifies his or her own role within the group. 1 2 3 4 5 14.Shows concern for the personal well-being of others. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Provides a plan for how the work is to be done. 1 2 3 4 5 16. Shows flexibility in making decisions. 1 2 3 4 5 17. Provides criteria for what is expected of the group. 1 2 3 4 5 18. Discloses thoughts and feelings to group members. 1 2 3 4 5 19. Encourages group members to do quality work. 1 2 3 4 5 20. Helps group members get along. 1 2 3 4 5 Appendix 2 HOW MOTIVATED ARE YOU IN DOING YOUR b loodline The following questions ask you how motivated you are in completing your job.Please indicate your response based on the following scale. (1 Strongly Agree to 4 Strongly Disagree) 1. You always put in your best effort in the things you do. 1 2 3 4 2. You exceed what you are suppose to accomplished 1 2 3 4 3. Your environment affects your mood in performing your task 1 2 3 4 4. You have a group of helpful colleagues that make your work pleasant 1 2 3 4 5. Your pay is low so you perform at the minimum. 1 2 3 4 6. You work just to satisfy your basic needs 1 2 3 4 7. To have career advancement is important to you. 1 2 3 4 8.If you are lowly paid but given recognition for you work, you feel good. 1 2 3 4 9. You feel you are part of the organisation. 1 2 3 4 10. Do you feel enthusiastic about your current job. 1 2 3 4 11. Do you feel enthusiastic if you are given a pertly job scope 1 2 3 4 12. Are you looking forward to achieve the organisation goal. 1 2 3 4 13. You feel discoura ge when you are asked to perform a new task 1 2 3 4 14. You feel that you are important to the organisation 1 2 3 4 15. Overall, you feel the organisation plans for your future. 1 2 3 4Appendix 3 HOW SATISFIED ARE YOU WITH YOUR JOB QUESTIONNAIRE The following questions ask you about how you feel about your job at work everyday and how satisfied are you. Please indicate your agreement or disagreement on the following statements by indicating your appropriate response based on the following scale. 1 Strongly disagree2Disagree 3Neutral 4Agree 5Strongly agree 1. At this very spot, I am very enthusiastic about my work. 1 2 3 4 5 2. Right now, I feel fairly satisfied with my present job. 1 2 3 4 5 3. At present, each moment at work seems like it will never end. 1 2 3 4 5 4.At this moment, I am finding enjoyment in my work. 1 2 3 4 5 5. Right now, I consider my job rather unpleasant. 1 2 3 4 5 6. My job gives me a sense of achievement. 1 2 3 4 5 7. The amount of support and guidance I rec eive from my supervisor. 1 2 3 4 5 8. The overall quality of the supervision I receive in my work. 1 2 3 4 5 References FACTORS EXPLAINING JOB SATISFACTION AMONG FACULTY Jaime X. Castillo, Extension Specialist New Mexico State University Jamie Cano, Associate Professor The Ohio State University Journal of Agricultural Education 1) Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job atisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed. ), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1304). Chicago Rand McNally. 2) Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior The Good Soldier Syndrome. (1st ed. ). Lexington, Massachusetts/Toronto D. C. Heath and Company. 3) Herzberg, F. , Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. B. (1959), The Motivation to Work. New York Wiley. 4) Fred Luthans and Jonathan P. Doh, (2009), International Management, Culture, Strategy, and Behavior 7th edition, Mcgraw Hill, New York 5) http//www. nbrii. com/Employee_Surveys/Satisfaction. html 6) Dailey, R.C. and Kirk, D. J. (1992), Distributive and procedural justice as antecedents of job satisfaction and intent to turnover, Human Relations, Vol. 45, pp. 305-17. 7) West, M. and Patterson, M. (1998), Profitable force out, People Management, Vol. 4, pp. 28-31. 8) Grant, L. (1998), Happy workers, high returns, Fortune, p. 81. 9) Hian Chye Koh, Elfred H Y Boo feb 2001. The link between organizational ethics and job satisfaction A study of managers in Singapore, Vol. 29, Iss. 4 p. 309 10) Ackfeldt, A. , & Coote, L. V. (2005). A study of organizational citizenship behaviors in a retail setting.Journal of Business Research, 58(2), 151-159 11) Farh, J. , Podsakoff, P. M. & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16(4), 705-721. http//proquest. umi. com. eproxy. ucd. ie/pqdweb? index=5&did=1674096061&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1277568831&clientId=13279 12) Ali Mohamma d Mosadegh Rad, Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian, (2006) A study of relationship between managers leadership style and employees job satisfaction, Leadership in Health Services, Vol. 9 Iss 2, pp. 11 28 13) Paul E Madlock. The Journal of Business Communication. Urbana Jan 2008. Vol. 45, Iss. 1 p. 61 Fishing for the decently people Hugh Greenway, Tim Runacre. Training Journal. Ely Mar 2008. pg. 41, 4 pgs Burney, L. and S. K. Widener. 2007. Strategic performance measurement systems, job- relevant information, and managerial behavioral responses Role stress and performance. Behavioral Research In Accounting (19) 43-69. Shadare Oluseyi . A, Hammed, T. Ayo 2009 Influence of Work Motivation,

Defence Mechanisms in Guajiro Personality and Culture Essay

Defence is all efforts of the ego to render inoperative and instinctual wish or impulse. The instinctual object prime(a) produces neurotic anxiety because it clashes with the superego, which arises from the internalisation of the p bents moral values. Defences protect the individual from experiencing anxiety any by detaching the forbidden wish from conscious awareness or by distorting or falsifying its authoritative meaning. Several methods were used in collecting data for this study. Structured methods of observation and interviewing were used to gather knowledge relevant to behavioural systems having transtructural significance, such as sex, aggression, and responsibility. Rorschach and TAT tests were administered to supplement these data and to aid in uncovering elements and relationships in the personality that were not readily observable, especially in the areas of affective behaviour, cognitive make-up and protective functioning.This study called Defence Mechanisms in Gu ajiro Personality and Culture by Lawrence C. Watson conducted with Guajiro Indian subjects came up with special results. Some general characteristics of defence mechanisms in the Guajiro society were found * All of the basic defence mechanisms are present but some are more important than others. * All defence mechanisms assume a well-defined culturally defined form. * Defence mechanisms cluster around a few systems of behaviour that are most conflict-ridden culture. * Variations in the deployment of psychic defences are, to a degree, a function of a persons age, sex, trading and class position. * There is a basic continuity in defence functioning from one stop to another in the life cycle of the individual.This study shows that defence mechanisms formulated by Freud have widespread, if not universal occurrence in human personality processes, irrespective of variations in cultural context. It also shows that in every unique social setting, cultural factors determine the form in wh ich defensive behaviour comes to be expressed. This study also gave the result which says that defence functioning must be studied in relationship to other prevailing modal personality factors (e.g., superego strength, level of emotional control, etc.), since it is quitelikely that certain defensive properties will be found only if they are compatible with these other elements.

By The Waters Of Babylon

By the irrigate of Babylon is about a son of a priest & becoming priest by the name of bum who goes on a quest to find himself & show he is meet to become a priest. Just as in the movie The Village there are proscribe places enter into. Its prohibit to go to any of the dead(p) places except to search for metal & he who touches the metal must be a priest or son of a priest or they will die. sterns father takes him on a pilgrimage to search for metal & it is hardly after John touches the metal does his father see that John is truly his son and would be a priest.As the time comes for John to become a priest, he has to undergo a purification rite. Johns father specializes him to look into the fire and to say what he sees in his dreams. John sees a river, and, beyond it, a owing(p) Dead Place and in it the gods walking. His father calls this a strong dream that whitethorn eat you up. He then makes his son promise not to travel to the east and cross the great river to visit th e Place of the gods for these places are forbid to enter. His father sends him off on a spiritual excursion, further does not know he is going tothe forbidden places of the Gods. As John prays & fasts he takes a journey through the forest for eight days, and crosses the forbidden river Ou-dis-sun.He crosses it & does not die. Once John gets to the Place of the Gods, he travel on the ground & he does not burn. Instead he only come ups energy and magic. As he travels through the place of the Gods in search of food he sees a statue of what seems to be a God that says ASHING on its base. While being chased by dogs and finds a building with stories he climbs to get outside(a) from becoming food. John explores what seems to be anapartment he see pictures, sculptures & things he has never known of. As he continues looking around he comes upon what he thinks is a dead God.Upon viewing the visage, he has an epiphany that the gods were only if humans whose major power overwhelmed good judgment. After John returns to his tribe, he speaks of the places New York and Biltmore. His father tells him not to, for sometimes too much equity is a bad thing that it must be told little by little. The composition ends with John stating his conviction that, once he becomes the head priest, We must build again.By The Waters of BabylonThis short bilgewater by Stephen Vincent Benet, is what we call an Apocalyptic fiction. It is defined as a sub-genre of apprehension fiction that is concerned with the end of politeness, through nuclear war, plague, or some other general accident and Post-apocalyptic fiction is set in a world or civilization after such a disaster (The Free Dictionary website). Description of the story The story is about a boy called John, who is a son of a priest and he wants to become a priest himself.He and his tripe are seemed to be living in ancient times of earth with his Primitive tools and simple kind of weapons. John and his mass were living with a k ind of Taboos about the forbidden Dead Places ,where no adept has gone before. John wanted to learn more about the Mighty Gods and wanted to go on a journey to discover the knowledge he seeks. After 8 days trip, he reached the ruins of the Gods city, he then got the undreamt truth about what happened in the earlier past times. The war between Gods destroyed the earth.Gods were fighting for power even though they had all the knowledge they needed . John was amazed of what he discovered and how those Gods were near humans as he and his people were. They were Only human with ultimate uncontrolled powers that caused Armageddon. John was later the truth and when he realized what genuinely happened ,he returned to his father to tell what he saw. Meanings beyond the story The story begins with a high level of Ambiguity that keeps the reader asking, What has really happened? John was searching for knowledge and he realized that this is a hard way to go . The language used in the story feel strange on ears with different kinds of enchanted words and magic fever shown in it. The description of the forbidden lands and the legends describing what has happened there, are similar for the destruction made by atomic bombs on Japan . If we put in mind that this story was first published on 1937, before any kind of evidence on using the atomic bombs in World War 2 on Japan, so it is obvious that Benet had a great vision or fear of what may happened.Through a spiritual vision, John realized what really happened and even though he believed that knowledge is a great gift that only Gods may feature and may give little bit of it to human ,who really worth to know, but it may similarly be a deadly weapons if it is not used in a proper ways. The peak of the story was at the point when John visited one of what he called place of Gods and there he saw a dead God, who was returned to be only a human just like him. A dead body of one of the victims. He died watching the civilizati on dying too.Knowing that the disaster happened on Earth-Our Earth- gives us a sign that it may withal happen to us. With all the misused weapons and technology what protects us from being a victim for a great disaster and becoming Dead Gods for upcoming poor foolish civilization? John returned to his land and told his father what he has seen there and that he knew what really happened. He wanted to tell the truth for every one, but his father told him not to tell all the truth at once, it may be lethal. Telling the truth is best little by little.Johns father The Priest and every one like him ,who were in charge may tried to hide the truth beyond the magic and spells and forbidden lands to prevent the humanity from making the same mistake and destroy itself, but in my opinion, Knowing the truth of what happened may prevent another disaster. Recommendation This short story is defined as children readings, but it has a deep meaning inside and between lines. I recommend this story for elder children and adults. Its good also in high school literature classes.ReferencesApocalyptic definition. Retrieved direful 30, 2007, from The free dictionary web site weave site http//encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/apocalyptic David Garrett Izzo, Fayetteville State University, North Carolina. Stephen Vincent Benet. The literary Encyclopedia. 17 Feb. 2005. The literary Dictionary Company. 30 August 2007. http//www. litencyc. com/php/speople. php? rec=true&UID=354 Benet, S. By the Waters of Babylon. Retrieved August 30, 2007, Web site